93-86, also known as the 1973 U.S. Farm Bill) was the 4-year farm bill that adopted target prices and deficiency payments as a tool that would support farm income but reduce forfeitures to the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) of surplus stocks. Today Earl Butz would be 113 years old. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Minimum Tillage Changes Planters & Cultivators, Silent Spring & the Environmental Movement, Connections between Surface and Groundwater, Nebraska's Unique Natural Resource Districts, Insecticides DDT's Rise, Fall & Rise Again, The EPA, the Endangered Species Act & Pesticides, 14th Annual Tractor & Auto show & Summer Fair. On June 19, he was sentenced to five years in prison. In 1932, at the Federal Farm Boards urging, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt adopted a new approach to agricultural policy designed to restore crop prices by regulating supply and demand. Butz was vice president of what has become the American Agricultural Economics Association (1948), and he was . 0000009377 00000 n He does acknowledge, however, that his policy will work only if the United States remains grain exporter to the world. http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/pager.php?id=49. )(_C*h-$L=]|OjI:+UzJ3? Export sales, currently running at about $22 billion a year, have almost doubled. 13Three years later, as grain prices dropped to an all-time low, the Federal Farm Board declared, its efforts to stem the disastrous decline of farm prices had failed, and called for legislation to provide an effective system for regulating acreage or quantities sold, or both, ending the American tradition of agricultural expansion. 0000008903 00000 n After forty years of regulating production to balance demand, domestic and international circumstances compelled President Richard Nixon to rethink agricultural policy. A Short History of Agricultural Adjustment, 1933-1975. National Agricultural Library Digital Collections. 0000064563 00000 n 0000029707 00000 n In 1941, the Secretary set up a special zone consisting of about 362,000 acres, lying just to the south of the Canadian border, in which commercial logging was prohibited. 0000070292 00000 n 11Subsequent government policy implemented to save farms failed because it provided only short-term solutions. 0000072272 00000 n The Agriculture Department's cozy relationship with the halfdozen big grain exporters is in some ways the most troubling aspect of Butz's reign. And in 1971 as now, what agribusiness wanted was for farmers to plant lots and lots of corn and soy. Attacks on chemical additives nitrates in bacon and diethylstilbestrol in cattle feedare the work of phony consumerists. Environmentalists who criticize pesticides and fertilizers and urge a return to organic farming would condemn hundreds of millions of people to a lingering death by malnutrition and starvation. State Department officials who meddle in agricultural policy are stripedpants boys. And Congressmen who say food prices are too high are demagogues. The first goal of every newly elected Congressman is to become a Senator. Earl Butz, Secretary of Agriculture under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, died this weekend at 98, leaving a colorfully offensive legacy and, thanks to the political correctness of the mainstream news media, a bit of a mystery as to why he's passed with such ignominy. Butz said to be furious, but took no steps to stop such shifting. 7. trailer Earl L. Butz Earl Butz has restored grain farmers pride in proving their enormous productive potential, and they love him. Five years later, he pled guilty to tax evasion and served a short stint in jail. Ulrike Butz, daughter of television presenter Hermann Butz, grew up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach. 0000046621 00000 n After Butzwell, the jokes about gays limped along for awhile, but it finally sank in that racism and anti-Semitism would seldom be tolerated, even in private. Help us continue to bring you the best of the archives without the dust! After Butz had regaled his travel companions with a dirty joke involving a dog fucking a skunk, Pat Boone asked him about why more blacks weren't voting Republican. The success of expansion-based policy became increasingly evident in the early twentieth century as American agriculture supported global markets and wartime needs. Top 10 Earl Butz Quotes (2023 Update) - Quotefancy Top 10 Earl Butz Quotes (2023 Update) 1. For a few years, those actions seemed like a good business decision. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. Philpott describes farm policy from the 1930s until Butz as a sort of Nirvana for both farmers and consumers, as it paid farmers not to farm and kept corn prices high. [26][27], On May 22, 1981, Butz pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion charges for having under-reported income he earned in 1978. So do other prosperous farmers and the agribusiness complex of corporate fruit and vegetable raisers, food processors and distributors. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. 0000056225 00000 n 0000069937 00000 n First, Butz was called a disciple of Ezra Benson, who, under Eisenhower, had presided over huge grain surpluses, low farm prices and the start of the great exodus from American farms. After some indecision, Dean used the line in Rolling Stone, attributing it to an unnamed Cabinet officer. He died still holding an emeritus position at Purdue. An agricultural hot line to Washington was established by the Agriculture Council of America, and thousands of calls poured in to farm leaders and Congressmen manning the phones. At that time, the Russian grain purchase of 1972 was the largest grain deal between two nations in history, and it set in motion a host of changes that would dominate agricultural history for at least the next two decades. 0000068003 00000 n How does corn get in your hair King corn? The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy. United States Department of Agriculture. Susan Demarco, one of the founders of the project says, Secretary Butz is not the friend of the family farmers; he is their funeral director. In its report, Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times. the project stated, There will be a million fewer farmers by 1980 for the same reason that there are three million fewer farmers today than in 1945because Earl Butz and company will not lift a finger to prevent it.. We think alike. Butz's bill was promptly ignored by Congress, which is now drafting a more thorough reform measure. That is one of the most outrageous things I've seen, but it's typical of the way Secretary Butz operates, says Foreman. The October 18, 1976, issue of Time reported the comment while obscuring its vulgarity:[13]. Watch Environmental Catastrophe on PBS. " Earl Butz 3. But by regulating supply and demand, reduction efforts restored the prices of agricultural commodities to those of the early twentieth century. It took a while to convert President Ford and Butz's remarks about that are revealing of the manner of this man who has become the nation's top agriculture policy maker: I told the President that a year ago we had the whole Midwest in the palm of our hand and we piddled it away with interference with grain exports. 0000005075 00000 n 12The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, like the Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, sought to resolve low prices through the distribution of loans, but similarly failed to regulate supply and demand. The act granted settlers one hundred and sixty acres of land, which they would own outright on the condition of improvement after five years of homesteading, or could purchase at a low cost after six months. 0000004416 00000 n He was the one who pioneered the fundamental change in farm subsidies. 0000052132 00000 n At his death, Butz was the oldest living former Cabinet member from any administration.[30][31]. The events that really led to Butz's predominance in the United States Government's internationalagriculture decisions began early last summer when it became clear the Russians would need grain. In the summer of 1972, the Soviets shook up the grain market when it hid from the world the fact that their grain harvest was in trouble. Earl Butz I challenged things that needed to be challenged at Purdue. 0 Now lets face it, they are. By 1976, though, most whites in positions of influence were learning not to say such things. It's like naming someone from Gulf Oil to be consumer representative at the Federal Energy Administration., This March, an independent group of scientists who operate the Center for Science in the Public Interest named Butz to its Terrible Ten list of persons and institutions that favor unwise food policies saying that the Department of Agriculture has changed beefgrading guidelines in a way that gyps the consumer, has liquidated the pricestabilizing grain reserves and has sought to undercut the foodstamp, schoollunch and other Federal food assistance programs., George McGovern says that although Butz is often referred to as the greatest Secretary of Agriculture, he isn't even in the same league with Henry Agard Wallace, who conceived of and administered many of the innovative programs designed to lift farmers out of the Depression of the 1930's: Wallace had a dimension that Butz can't even comprehend the concept of food as a humanitarian instrument. Your support keeps our unbiased, nonprofit news free. During his undergraduate career at Purdue he served as an editor to the Exponent . The abundancy associated with land expansion policies remained intrinsic to the nations success through World War I, as America provided for the home front and the allied nations. There was some question whether or not Butz realized that the Soviets were buying up one quarter of the entire U.S. wheat crop, but he did nothing to stop the sale despite the fact that it eventually raised food prices. 0000055445 00000 n Despite helping to eradicate acute hunger and malnutrition, the bill devastated small farmers and contributed to decreasing the number of farms in America by 63%, effectively changing rural landscapes and economies. But domestic consumption was only 11 million tons greater; so the rest must be disposed of abroad. [2] He attended a one-room country school through eighth grade and graduated from high school in a class of seven. [citation needed] His mantra to farmers was "get big or get out",[7][8] and he urged farmers to plant commodity crops such as corn "from fencerow to fencerow". The problem was that most of the countrys grain production was in areas subject to severe winters and droughts. When questioned about the problems of such farmers, Butz tends to brush the inquiries aside, saying only that some producers are less efficient than others. <]>> The outrage over Butzs joke was, of course, entirely appropriate. 0000046462 00000 n Even after sales to Russia and Poland were finally resumed, the White House was bombarded with an unending stream of criticism from farm organizations. What policy did Earl Butz promote in 1973? The "Great Grain Robbery" was not really a robbery, but it was a major turning point in the history of agricultural monitoring.. 0000060715 00000 n Facebook, Follow us on Follow us on Earl L. Butz, the outspoken U.S. Agriculture secretary forced from office in 1976 for making a racist joke, died Saturday morning. 0000046066 00000 n Earl Butz, who served as Secretary of Agriculture under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, is widely regarded as a pioneer in modern American corn policy because he emphasized selling . If lie doesn't get it, he'll have a firstclass farm issue on his hands because we'll have enough of a surplus to remind farmers that he's been against higher Government price supports. The General Accounting Office warns that such a bumper crop could deal a serious blow to the farm economy, because the Agriculture Department has no real plans for dealing with either surpluses or shortages. In order to profitably mass-produce convenience fare for a growing middle class, the food industry needed unchecked access to cheap inputs. It also undermines my claim that Butzs remark was not anti-Catholic. Increased production contributed to deforestation, higher emissions of greenhouse gases, and a greater need for fertilizer and pesticides that contaminated water sources and accumulated in the food chain. The maritime unions seized the opportunity to press for more favorable shipping rates by refusing to load grain vessels bound for Russia. In 1973, Nixon's agricultural secretary, Earl Butz, oversaw a change in the philosophy of the U.S. farm program. Before this incident, it was not at all unusual for respectable white people to tell and laugh at jokes that portrayed black men as lazy, shiftless, and priapic. 0000065488 00000 n 0000042400 00000 n Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Adapt or die, resist and perish, Butz had advised farmers in the 1950's when he was Benson's assistant, and the statement came back to haunt him. 0000047170 00000 n But Jimmy Carter repeatedly says that one of his first acts as President would be to replace Butz, and Carter's first big boost came in the January caucuses in Iowa. Following World War I, the government revoked wartime price supports and the European market simultaneously recovered, causing agricultural exports to decline by 20% and grain prices to plummet. As the scandal spread to include nearly all the major grain companies, and as it became clear that it was the conflictridden inspection system that was the cause, Butz changed course. [3], Butz was an alumnus of Purdue University, where he was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity. 0000065262 00000 n After the 1973 farm bill, Americans spent a lower percentage of their income on food than ever before, purchasing more calories for less money, a trend that adversely impacted the nations diet. During the 60s, livestock, rather than people, became the main consumers of American grain. Although Butz publicly emphasizes that the United States cannot and should not use what he, at the same time, frankly calls agripower as a weapon, he is fond of noting that Rumanian Agriculture Minister Miculescu once told him: You've got a weapon more powerful than the atom bomb: you've got soybeans. Butz took two days off from chairing the Rome World Food Conference two years ago and went to Cairo with a little wheat in my pocket They had the red carpet out for me there. Finally, when some of the grain giants could not get enough wheat on the open market at prices they wanted to pay, the Agriculture Department sold them millions of bushels from Government stocks. Agriculture expanded early American cities and fostered a booming urban population. http://millercenter.org/president/monroe/essays/biography/8. 16The average income of farmers, which doubled following the first farm bill, fell to late 1920s levels, and farmers returned to practices of overproduction to make ends meet. Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. 0000057943 00000 n [9], Butz took over the Department of Agriculture during the most recent period in American history that food prices climbed high enough to generate political heat. Butz resigned within days, saying that "the use of a bad racial commentary in no way reflects my real attitude." Earl Lauer Butz was born on a farm near Albion, Ind., on July 3, 1909, and grew up guiding horse-drawn plows. Popular among farmers, he was known for creating new free-market policies in American agriculture. In a 1973 speech, he accused the housewives of America of having a low level of economic intelligence, and in his office he kept a sculpture of two copulating elephants that he delighted in showing off to visitors. 0000055231 00000 n But Butz is more interested in private trade (which usually means trade by a halfdozen large grain companies) and cash sales than in humanitarian giveaways, a view that has led to charges that he is oblivious to world hunger. "His policies favored large-scale corporate farming" which has damaged the family farm to this day, and arguably "led directly to overproduction of corn and a subsequent rise of obesity in the United . But Butz did forcefully equate the interests of agribusiness with the national interest. 0000053344 00000 n A side goal was to go easy on the land. Author: Earl L. Butz The American Food Machine and Private Entrepreneurship Earl L. Butz | December 1977 The modern American Food Machine is perhaps the greatest single source of strength undergirding the unparalleled level of American living. The only newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and justice. " I understood public relations and always maintained a high profile. Before Butz, there remained a snickering tolerance among the powerful for jokes denigrating the humanity of blacks, Jews, and homosexuals. That was Butz's kind of deal, according to the Farmers Union and the National Farmers Organization, groups which advocate moderate farm policies and which, in recent years, have supported Democrats. But the ag policies of the day encouraged restraint. 0000029355 00000 n 17The threat of another depression hastened the reinstatement of crop regulation through the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, which restored financial security to farmers. Policy makes politics. 0000066173 00000 n He took off the restriction that farms had stating what they could and could not produce . He surely loved the way the biofuel boom has farmers worldwide scrambling to plant corn and soy and drench the earth with agrichemicals. Earl Lauer "Rusty" Butz (July 3, 1909 - February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Earl Butz Ford was warm and friendly. Earl Butz While he was president, it was popular to be a Nixon hater. Earl Butz, who was born 105 years ago today, was one of the worst US government officials ever.He was Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinets of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. ' , See the article in its original context from. Farm costs, per unit of production, then would rise. In terms of 2009 dollars, corn reached the equivalent of over $15 in 1973.Overall farm income jumped along with grain prices, from $2.3 billion in 1972 to $19.6 billion in 73. The government would also buy excess grain from farmers and store it. 0000019559 00000 n US Presidential Cabinet Member. This taste for combat played a part in both his nomination in 1971 by Richard Nixon and the subsequent battle in the Senate over his confirmation. Butz had a similar view, "Get big or get out." Butz believed farm consolidation was inevitable. 0000050525 00000 n Let Them Eat Ketchup In, Roberts, Paul. While conservatives have consistently pushed more aggressive, pro-agribusiness policies, liberals have often responded with pro-agribusiness policies of their own, even when that meant undermining their own natural allies: small and mid-sized farmers, farm workers, rural minority . You are the most productive part of America! [citation needed], For example, he abolished a program that paid corn farmers to not plant all their land. The International Food Policy Research Institute reported recently that such deals will make less food available to poor countries. He was the uncle of NFL defensive tackle Dave Butz, an All-American at Purdue University and All-Pro with the St. Louis Cardinals (1973-74) and Washington Redskins (1975-88). The program that Butz inherited worked like this: When farmers began to produce too much and prices began to fall, the government would pay farmers to leave some land fallow, with the goal of pushing prices up the following season. 0000063406 00000 n Without conceding the criticisms against him, Butz insists that his real contribution has been in restructuring American agriculture by extending its markets abroad. The only newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and justice. The artificial prices implemented by the government masked the problems of overproduction that threatened food prices and the agricultural system as a whole. 0000016830 00000 n The Butz farm policy is one that involves risk. Friedrich Nietzsche. As usual, the country dealers and farmers of Iowa got the short end of the stick, says former Iowa Senator Harold Hughes. 0000050911 00000 n America's total grain production of 242 million tons in 1975 represented an increase of 81 million tons from what it was in 1961. The obituaries for Earl Butz who went to his reward Feb. 2 at the enviable age of 98all note that he will be remembered less for his accomplishments as Agriculture secretary under Presidents. As it turned out, nearly all the corn was bought by giants of the trade. At the time, Butz served as a board member for several agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, then a sprawling food conglomerate. A key event that drove the global adoption of the Diet-Heart hypothesis was the 1972 US Presidential election in which the incumbent Richard Nixon was confronted by a losing war in Vietnam, rising . On the other hand, heavy exports can lead to. All rights reserved. And Brunthaver has since returned to Cook. Providing a grand example of how his vision might work, Butz engineered a massive grain sale to the Soviets in 1972. Secretary Earl Butz was the was the Secretary of Agriculture during President Nixon ' s term . YouTube. 0000008397 00000 n 0000045535 00000 n He was the eldest of five children and worked on his parents' 160-acre (65ha) farm while growing up. October 11th, 2021. The Center was founded on a different belief. 0000008094 00000 n Changes in farming supported by government policy especially over the last century have incentivized farmers to grow crops that are easy to ship, store, and processnamely cereal grains and sweetenersensuring these foods are inexpensive and widely available. The program went from limited and controlled by the government to expansion, so more food could be produced. Earl Lauer "Rusty"[1] Butz (July 3, 1909 February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. 0000048818 00000 n But New Times magazine enterprisingly sleuthed out Butz's identity by checking the itineraries of all Cabinet members. Myth: Earl Butz was a pivotal figure. 0000054680 00000 n There are those who regard him as the leader of the Great American Farm Revolution, those who regard him as Gerald Ford's greatest political asset, and there are political experts who can't decide whether Jimmy Carter is being smart or being dumb when he says he would dump Butz if he were elected President. The changes implemented since the eighteenth century exemplify the need to reform policy in accordance with domestic and international circumstances. allowing/demanding more to be grown what is the fertilizer they used? Earl Butz stayed on as Secretary of Agriculture after Nixon was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers. Earl Butz No, I try not to be a negative thinker. On October 4, 1976, Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz resigned in the wake of a controversy over an obscene joke he'd made that was derogatory to blacks.You. He was a bigot and, even then, at 66, not a young man. This benefits farmers and the American agricultural industry as a whole, as the nation doesn't have to import corn grown in another country. ), And despite the rise of organic this and local that a trend that annoyed Butz to no end the old campaigners vision of maximum-production agriculture has become more entrenched then ever. 0000070488 00000 n 0000055617 00000 n %%EOF 0000055830 00000 n The nomination proved to be Nixon's most controversial for two main reasons. [3] Butz issued a statement saying that he had not "intended to impugn the motives or the integrity of any religious group, ethnic group or religious leader. 0000041058 00000 n D. in agricultural economics (1937) from Purdue University. 0000049389 00000 n 0000042932 00000 n 0000029494 00000 n 0000050347 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n Dr. Butz graduated from Purdue University with a B.S. , most whites in positions of influence were learning not to be grown what is the they! 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Implemented since the eighteenth century exemplify the need to reform policy in accordance with domestic and International.! Interests of agribusiness with the national interest among farmers, he pled guilty to tax evasion and served short! Of overproduction that threatened food prices are too high are demagogues commodities to those of the,... Butz served as a whole Butz served as an editor to the.. Of all Cabinet members ; Row, 1979 grain from farmers and agribusiness... Continue to bring you the best of the stick, says former Iowa Senator Harold.! That Butzs remark was not anti-Catholic can lead to How his vision might work, Butz a. 0000029494 00000 n 0000029494 00000 n 0000042932 00000 n 11Subsequent government policy implemented to save farms failed because provided! Graduated from high school what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 a class of seven be challenged at Purdue he served an... Fundamental change in farm subsidies were learning not to say such things only short-term solutions 0000050525 00000 n but Times!
what policy did earl butz promote in 1973