Margai was accused of favouring members of his own Mende ethnic group for prominent positions. Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". The climate is tropical, with two seasons determining the agricultural cycle: the rainy season from May to November, and a dry season from December to May, which includes harmattan, when cool, dry winds blow in off the Sahara Desert and the night-time temperature can be as low as 16C (60.8F). [222] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. [72][73] Sir Albert was opposed to the colonial legacy of allowing executive powers to the Paramount Chiefs, many of whom had been key allies of his late brother Sir Milton. Until 2017, there were only three Sierra Leone provinces, and there were previously fewer districts and chiefdoms as well. Next in proportion are the Kono, who live primarily in Kono District in Eastern Sierra Leone. Also in 2004, a UN-backed war crimes court began holding trials of senior leaders from both sides of the war. [92] Strasser was immediately flown into exile in a military helicopter to Conakry, Guinea. [42] William Pitt the Younger, prime minister and leader of the Tory party, had an active interest in the Scheme because he saw it as a means to repatriate the Black Poor to Africa, since "it was necessary they should be sent somewhere, and be no longer suffered to infest the streets of London". [159] There is also potential for several new hydroelectric plants to be opened on the Sewa River, Pampana River, Seli River, Moa River, and Little Scarcies. Each one of Sierra Leone's sixteen administrative districts (with the exception of the Western Area Urban District) is governed by a directly elected district council headed by a council chairman. Educated Krios held numerous positions in the colonial government, giving them status and well-paying positions. The land was also home to the Temee and Loko peoples, whose presence predates the arrival of Europeans. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. After several days in jail, Ajisafe was released, his church licence was given back to him, and his church was later reopened under strict government condition during several months of probation. [234] During the Civil War (19912002), many soldiers took part in atrocities and many children were forced to fight. [32], European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa during the 15th century. As of 19 October 2014, there had been 3,706 cases of Ebola in Sierra Leone, and 1,259 deaths, including that of the leading physician trying to control the outbreak, Sheik Umar Khan. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. Several organisations planned to operate digital terrestrial subscription TV services, with Multichoice's Go TV having built infrastructure ahead of getting a licence and ultimately failing to get a licence. [1][2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. However, females face gender discrimination making them the target of lower incomes and financial struggle. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). 2004 saw a population of four million, nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (4,976,871) and in the 2015 census Sierra Leone recorded a total population of seven million and ninety-two thousand, one hundred and thirteen (7,092,113), the last census before the latest mid-term population and housing census which indicated a total of eight hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-four (843,254) residential buildings, whilst for non-residential a total of seven thousand five hundred and three ( 7,503). 267,266. Home Counties and Regions Maps Sierra Leone Provinces and Districts. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 16 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 16 administrative districts. These included Nigerians, Ghanaians, Ivorians and many more, especially in the fields of theology and education. The Sherbro are primarily fisherman and farmers, and they are predominantly found in Bonthe District. Its numerous creeks and estuaries contain mangrove swamps. Reference Location: Bombali District, Sierra Leone. Native to Sierra Leone, they have occupied Sherbro Island since it was founded. [21] Bio handed power over to Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP, after the conclusion of elections in early 1996 which Kabbah won. Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. Mining of diamonds in the east and other minerals expanded, drawing labourers there from other parts of the country. [103][165], Population density varies greatly within Sierra Leone. [218], A dialysis machine, the first of its kind in the country, was donated by Israel.[219]. On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. In total, there are 20 cities in Sierra Leone. The district has both highlands and lowlands. The president is the highest and most influential position within the government of Sierra Leone. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . According to the report, Sierra Leones population has increased by 6.4%, since the last census in 2015. With the lack of new faces in the new APC cabinet under president Momoh and the return of many of the old faces from Stevens' government, criticisms soon arose that Momoh was simply perpetuating the rule of Stevens. The city is governed by an elected city council and is headed by a Mayor. Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. The Western Area Urban District, including Freetown, the capital and largest city, has a population density of 1,224 persons per square km. A small community of Orthodox Christians resides in the capital Freetown.[207]. The hostage crisis resulted in more fighting between the RUF and the government as UN troops launched Operation Khukri to end the siege. Over the next decade, much of the formal economy was destroyed in the country's civil war. [115] Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress (APC) in the country's tightly contested 2018 presidential election. The results were that 64% of children were diagnosed with ARI where firewood stoves were used, and 44% where charcoal stoves were used. Sierra Leone's former defense minister Alfred Paolo Conteh is an ethnic Limba. In October 1990, owing to mounting pressure from both within and outside the country for political and economic reforms, president Momoh set up a constitutional review commission to assess the 1978 one-party constitution. Realizing that he lacked sufficient strength, he resorted to diplomacy. [264] The city has a lot to offer to tourists. Nwauwa, Apollos O. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. Dozens of soldiers loyal to the ousted president Momoh were arrested, including Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya and Major Yayah Turay. Dumbuya and former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, was foiled. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims at over 85%; with a significant Christian minority at about 10%. Sierra Leone, [note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. The town lies about 30 miles . [13] Freetown is the capital and largest city. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. There is a vast expanse of beaches stretching along the Freetown Peninsula. Pressures to end colonialism had as much to do with Britains weakened position following World War II as it did with the pan-African demands for autonomy. It is primarily designed to implement development projects and promote regional economic integration between the four countries.[120]. The Sierra Leone constitution guarantees freedom of speech, and freedom of the press; however, the government maintains strong control of media, and at times restricts these rights in practice. [79] It is difficult to avoid the economic paralysis in Sierra Leone given that more than half of the population in the country is women. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. According to a 2020 estimates by the Pew Research Center[175] 78.5% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims (mostly Sunni), 20.4% are Christians (mostly Protestants) and 1.1% belong to a traditional African religion or other beliefs. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees it's also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). More and more of the country fell into the hands RUF fighters, and by 1994 they had gotten control of much of the diamond-rich Eastern Province and were getting close toward the capital Freetown. Sierra Leone has good relations with the West, including the United States, and has maintained historical ties with the United Kingdom and other former British colonies through its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. The amount of illegal fishing has significantly depleted fish stocks, depriving local fishing communities of an important resource for survival. [54] The Liberated Africans eventually modified their customs to adopt those of the Nova Scotians, Maroons and Europeans, yet kept some of their ethnic traditions. In November 1968, unrest in the provinces led Stevens to declare a state of emergency across the country. Many people moved to Freetown during the countrys civil war to avoid violence in more rural areas, and economic opportunities also draw people to the city. Prior to 2017, the area of the North West Province was included in the Northern Province, and its cumulative area measured 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles). In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. Black settlers were captured by unscrupulous traders and sold as slaves, and the remaining colonists were forced to arm themselves for their own protection. [66] Bureh surrendered on 11 November 1898 to end the destruction of his people's territory and dwellings. The city had a population of 34,079 in the 2004 census and a 2013 estimate of 40,000. Four of these are provinces, and one is simply called the Western Area. Sierra Leone has other smaller cities and towns that make up the geographic region of the country. Ebola is prevalent in Africa where social and economic inequalities are common. [69] Owing to the astute politics of Milton Margai, the educated Protectorate elites were able to join forces with the paramount chiefs in the face of Krio intransigence. [21], In early 1996, despite the country going through a brutal civil war, the emergence of the prospect of a transformation back to a multi-party democracy brought fresh hopes and great expectations among a majority of Sierra Leoneans, as the national debate "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a hot topic. They resisted payment of taxes, tensions over the new colonial requirements and the administration's suspicions towards the chiefs, led to the Hut Tax war of 1898, also called the Temne-Mende War. In 2015, CDC established an office in Sierra Leone to focus on global health security and . When Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Force was created from the Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. [159] It is located near the Seli River and Freetown and was estimated to produce about 50 megawatts of electricity. [133][134] In total, there are 19 local councils: 13 district councils, one for each of the 12 districts and one for the Western Area Rural, and six municipalities also have elected local councils. The Kuranko are believed to have begun arriving in Sierra Leone from Guinea in about 1600 and settled in the north, particularly in Koinadugu District. It became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council in 2002. Each of the country's 14 districts is represented in parliament. Following the Berlin Conference of 18841885, the British decided that they needed to establish more dominion over the inland areas, to satisfy what was described by the European powers as "effective occupation" of territories. 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